Peptides for Weight Loss 2026: GLP-1 Research, Retatrutide and Clinical Data

In short

Peptides for weight loss represent the fastest-growing category of obesity research in 2026. Over the past five years, clinical studies with GLP-1 analogues (semaglutide, liraglutide), dual agonists (tirzepatide) and triple agonists (retatrutide) have shifted the boundary of pharmacologically achievable weight reduction from ~5 % to -24 % and beyond in two-year trials. Alongside these large molecules, metabolic research also examines lipolytic fragments (AOD-9604), NNMT inhibitors (5-Amino-1MQ) and mitochondrial peptides (MOTS-c).

In brief:

• Semaglutide (Novo Nordisk, Wegovy/Ozempic), FDA approved 2021, mean weight reduction -14.9 % over 68 weeks (Wilding 2021, NEJM).
• Tirzepatide (Eli Lilly, Zepbound/Mounjaro), dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist, reduction -20.9 % at the 15 mg dose (Jastreboff 2022, NEJM).
• Retatrutide, triple agonist GIP/GLP-1/glucagon, Phase 2 achieved -24.2 % over 48 weeks (Jastreboff 2023, NEJM); Phase 3 TRIUMPH is ongoing.
• Cagrilintide + CagriSema, an amylin analogue from Novo Nordisk; the combination with semaglutide targets complementary satiety pathways.
• Mazdutide, a Chinese dual GLP-1/glucagon agonist (Innovent IBI362), NMPA approval June 2025.

For research into lipolysis and mitochondrial metabolism, AOD-9604, 5-Amino-1MQ and MOTS-c are being investigated in parallel. Details below.

Quick comparison table, top 5 peptides in obesity research 2026

The table ranks the five peptides by peak weight reduction in their pivotal trials: retatrutide 24.2 percent over 48 weeks, tirzepatide 20.9 percent, CagriSema 15.7 percent, mazdutide 15.4 percent and semaglutide 14.9 percent. Only semaglutide and tirzepatide hold FDA and EMA approval; retatrutide and CagriSema are in Phase 3, mazdutide is approved only in China.

1. What “peptides for weight loss” mean in 2026

In everyday searches the phrase almost always means incretin analogues, above all GLP-1 and its derivatives, but the scientific category covers four groups: incretin mimetics, amylin analogues, lipolytic fragments and metabolic modulators. Approved medicines exist only in the first two. AOD-9604, 5-Amino-1MQ and MOTS-c remain research peptides with no clinical indication for weight loss.

The term peptides for weight loss in lay searches typically refers to incretin analogues, chiefly GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and its derivatives. In the scientific literature, however, the category expands to four groups of molecules that modulate metabolism through distinct pathways:

1. Incretin mimetics, GLP-1, GIP, glucagon agonists (semaglutide, tirzepatide, retatrutide, mazdutide)
2. Amylin analogues, cagrilintide, combinations with semaglutide
3. Lipolytic fragments, AOD-9604 (fragment 176–191 of human growth hormone)
4. Metabolic modulators, 5-Amino-1MQ (NNMT inhibitor), MOTS-c (mitochondrial peptide)

The first two categories hold FDA and EMA approvals for clinical medicine in 2026 (Wegovy, Zepbound, Saxenda). Retatrutide, cagrilintide and mazdutide are in advanced clinical phases. AOD-9604, 5-Amino-1MQ and MOTS-c remain research peptides (RUO, Research Use Only) without clinical indications for weight loss.

Note: In the text below, reference is made to clinical obesity studies and preclinical research models. Molequa® sells only peptides with RUO status, none of the products is a medicine or therapeutic agent.

2. Why GLP-1 changed obesity medicine

GLP-1 moved obesity pharmacotherapy from roughly 5 percent weight reduction into the range of bariatric surgery. Liraglutide reached 8 percent in 2010, semaglutide 14.9 percent in STEP-1 (Wilding 2021, NEJM, n = 1961) and tirzepatide 20.9 percent in SURMOUNT-1. No earlier drug class came close, which is why the entire field reorganised around incretins.

Until 2015, pharmacotherapy for obesity was among the most frustrating areas of internal medicine. The first generation of drugs (sibutramine, rimonabant, orlistat) either exited the market on cardiovascular signals or achieved only modest reductions of -3 to -5 %. Bariatric surgery (gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy) delivered -25 to -35 % reductions, but at the cost of an invasive procedure.

GLP-1, an endogenous incretin released from L-cells of the small intestine after meals, was originally investigated for type 2 diabetes. Clinical researchers noted, however, a consistent side effect: patients lost weight. In 2010, Novo Nordisk introduced liraglutide (Victoza, later Saxenda 3 mg for obesity), which achieved a -8 % reduction, for the first time in the era of pharmacotherapy comparable to invasive interventions.

Semaglutide raised the bar further. In the STEP-1 trial (Wilding et al., NEJM 2021, n = 1961), participants on a weekly 2.4 mg dose achieved a -14.9 % weight reduction over 68 weeks, versus -2.4 % with placebo. Within two years, a new pharmacological “gold standard” had emerged.

Tirzepatide (Eli Lilly) extended the approach by adding GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide) to GLP-1 within a single molecule. In SURMOUNT-1 (Jastreboff et al., NEJM 2022, n = 2539), the 15 mg dose achieved a -20.9 % reduction, the first pharmacological intervention comparable to bariatric surgery.

Retatrutide added a third receptor, glucagon, and achieved -24.2 % over 48 weeks in Phase 2 (Jastreboff 2023, NEJM). Preliminary Phase 3 projections indicate -30 % at 96 weeks, which would surpass bariatric surgery for the first time.

This progression from -5 % (2010) → -25 % (2023) → projected -30 % (2026) constitutes the fastest advance in obesity pharmacotherapy in history.

3. The five most researched peptides for weight loss

The five are semaglutide and tirzepatide, both approved, retatrutide in Phase 3, cagrilintide with the CagriSema combination in Phase 3, and mazdutide, approved only by China’s NMPA in June 2025. They differ mainly in how many receptors each engages, from one for semaglutide to three for retatrutide, and that count tracks the reduction reached in trials.

Semaglutide (Wegovy / Ozempic), approved 2021

Semaglutide is a 31-amino acid GLP-1 analogue developed by Novo Nordisk. Substitutions at positions 8 and 34 and fatty-acid acylation via a linker ensure albumin binding, which extends the half-life to ~168 hours (~7 days), enabling weekly subcutaneous dosing.

Key clinical data:

• STEP-1 (Wilding 2021, NEJM 384:989–1002), n = 1961, dose 2.4 mg weekly, reduction -14.9 % over 68 weeks, placebo -2.4 %. PubMed 33567185
• STEP-5 (Garvey 2022, Nat Med), 104 weeks, reduction -15.2 % maintained over two years.
• SELECT (Lincoff 2023, NEJM), 17,604 patients, cardiovascular benefit -20 % MACE alongside weight loss.

Regulatory status: FDA approved June 2021 (Wegovy for BMI ≥ 30), EMA January 2022. The diabetic version Ozempic was FDA approved in 2017.

Ownership: Novo Nordisk holds the Wegovy and Ozempic brands. In 2026, the U.S. patent on semaglutide expires in December 2033. Generic semaglutide does not exist on the EU clinical market, research laboratories work with RUO grade material.

Tirzepatide (Zepbound / Mounjaro), approved 2023

Tirzepatide is a 39-amino acid dual agonist of the GIP + GLP-1 receptors. Combining two incretins in one molecule produces a stronger effect on glycaemia and body weight than GLP-1 monotherapy.

Key clinical data:

• SURMOUNT-1 (Jastreboff 2022, NEJM 387:205–216), n = 2539, 72 weeks, doses 5/10/15 mg weekly. At 15 mg the reduction reached -20.9 %. PubMed 35658024
• SURPASS-2 (Frías 2021, NEJM), direct comparison with 1 mg semaglutide in patients with diabetes; tirzepatide was superior in reducing HbA1c and body weight.
• SURMOUNT-4 (Aronne 2024, JAMA), maintenance trial; after tirzepatide withdrawal, patients regained ~14 % of lost weight.

Regulatory status: FDA approved November 2023 (Zepbound for chronic treatment of obesity). The diabetic version Mounjaro was FDA approved in May 2022. EMA approval followed in December 2023.

Ownership: Eli Lilly holds the Zepbound and Mounjaro brands. Patent protection extends to 2036.

Retatrutide, triple agonist, Phase 3 in 2026

Retatrutide (LY3437943) is the most ambitious incretin peptide in advanced development, a triple agonist of GIP, GLP-1 and the glucagon receptor in one molecule, from Eli Lilly.

Why add glucagon? In the obesity context, glucagon is not merely a “diabetogenic hormone”. Activation of the glucagon receptor in the liver increases energy expenditure and lipolysis, providing a metabolic “boost” alongside the appetite inhibition delivered by the GLP-1 and GIP components.

Key clinical data:

• Phase 2 obesity trial (Jastreboff 2023, NEJM 389:514–526), n = 338, 48 weeks, doses 1/4/8/12 mg weekly. At 12 mg the reduction reached -24.2 % of body weight (placebo -2.1 %). PubMed 37366315
• Phase 2 T2D trial (Rosenstock 2023, Lancet 402:529–544), n = 281, HbA1c reduction -2.02 % and weight reduction -16.9 % at 12 mg. PubMed 37385280
• TRIUMPH-1/2/3, ongoing Phase 3 programme, with primary results expected 2026–2027.

Regulatory status: In 2026 in Phase 3, without FDA/EMA approval. Retatrutide is a research peptide. Molequa® offers retatrutide in RUO grade for laboratory research on obesity models.

Cagrilintide + CagriSema, the amylin combination

Cagrilintide is a long-acting analogue of amylin (a peptide released from pancreatic β-cells in parallel with insulin). Amylin targets a complementary satiety pathway, acting in the area postrema of the brainstem via amylin receptors, whereas GLP-1 acts primarily in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus.

The CagriSema combination = cagrilintide 2.4 mg + semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly. The rationale: dual engagement of the satiety pathways produces a stronger effect.

Key clinical data:

• Phase 2 CagriSema (Lau 2023, Lancet), n = 92, 32 weeks, reduction -15.7 % of body weight (combination) versus -8.1 % (cagrilintide alone) versus -5.1 % (semaglutide 2.4 mg alone). PubMed 37423228
• REDEFINE 1/2/3, Phase 3 CagriSema programme; primary data reported end-2024 (in REDEFINE-1 a reduction of -20.4 % was achieved over 68 weeks, but below the initial expectation of -25 %).

Regulatory status: Cagrilintide + CagriSema are in Phase 3, with no approval as of 2026. Novo Nordisk plans regulatory submissions in 2026–2027.

Mazdutide, Innovent IBI362, the Chinese dual agonist

Mazdutide (IBI362) is a dual GLP-1 + glucagon agonist from the Chinese biotechnology company Innovent Biologics, the first incretin peptide developed outside Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly to reach regulatory approval.

Key clinical data:

• GLORY-1 Phase 3 obesity (Ji 2024, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol), n = 610, 48 weeks, doses 4/6/9 mg weekly. At 6 mg the reduction reached -14.4 %, at 9 mg -15.4 % of body weight.
• DREAMS-1 Phase 3 T2D (2024), HbA1c reduction comparable to tirzepatide 5 mg.

Regulatory status: NMPA (China) approval June 2025 for obesity, the first non-American, non-European GLP-1 analogue on the market. FDA/EMA approval is not planned; Innovent targets primarily the Asian and global generic segment.

Mazdutide is of interest in research as a less expensive alternative, the expected market price is 60–70 % below semaglutide.

4. Mechanism of action of GLP-1 peptides

GLP-1 suppresses appetite in the hypothalamus and slows gastric emptying, GIP adds an insulinotropic and adipocyte effect while reducing nausea, and glucagon raises energy expenditure and hepatic lipolysis. A triple agonist therefore works on both sides of the energy balance at once, which is why retatrutide reached 24.2 percent against tirzepatide’s 20.9 percent.

To understand why the race toward triple agonists matters, it is essential to grasp the three parallel incretin pathways and what each contributes to weight reduction.

GLP-1 receptor, the main satiety axis

GLP-1R is a G-protein coupled receptor expressed in:

• Pancreatic β-cells, glucose-dependent insulin secretion (lower hypoglycaemia risk than sulfonylureas)
• Hypothalamus (arcuate nucleus), appetite suppression via POMC/CART neurons
• Gastrointestinal tract, slowing of gastric emptying, feeling of satiety
• Cardiovascular system, anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory effect (SELECT trial)

Activation of GLP-1R raises cAMP in target cells, which via PKA and EPAC pathways modulates insulin secretion, ghrelin circulation and the leptin/adiponectin balance.

GIP receptor, insulinotropic and lipolytic

GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide) is released from K-cells of the duodenum and jejunum after meals. Its effects include:

• Enhancement of the insulinotropic signal beyond GLP-1 (additive effect)
• Direct action in adipocytes on lipid storage and mobilisation, in obesity a presumed “reverse” effect (reduction of adipogenesis)
• Reduction of nausea associated with high doses of GLP-1 agonists (a practical advantage of tirzepatide versus semaglutide)

Glucagon receptor, energy expenditure

Glucagon is classically associated with hyperglycaemia (it mobilises glucose from the liver). In the obesity context, however, its hepatic activation increases:

• Energy expenditure (thermogenesis via UCP1 in brown fat)
• Lipolysis of hepatic lipids (potentially useful in MASLD/MASH)
• Ketogenesis in the post-absorptive phase

Retatrutide engages the glucagon component at the 12 mg dose, below this threshold, incretin effects dominate; above it, energy expenditure and hepatic lipid metabolism are also engaged.

Why a triple agonist outperforms a dual agonist

The dual GIP/GLP-1 (tirzepatide) reached -20.9 %. The triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon (retatrutide) reached -24.2 %, and, in extrapolated Phase 3 models, is projected to exceed -30 % over two years.

Adding the glucagon component introduces the dimension of energy expenditure alongside the classical GLP-1 component of appetite inhibition. Weight loss is generated from both sides of the energy balance equation simultaneously.

5. Clinical studies 2023–2026, comparative table

Across the 2021 to 2024 trials the ranking is stable: retatrutide 24.2 percent at 48 weeks, tirzepatide 25.3 percent cumulatively in SURMOUNT-4 and 20.9 percent in SURMOUNT-1, CagriSema 20.4 percent in REDEFINE-1, semaglutide 15.2 percent at 104 weeks and mazdutide 15.4 percent. Direct head to head comparisons between these programmes do not exist.

Key observations:

1. Retatrutide dominates the Phase 2 data, the only peptide to exceed -24 % over 48 weeks.
2. Tirzepatide consistently outperforms semaglutide by approximately 6 percentage points of reduction.
3. CagriSema REDEFINE-1 disappointed relative to the initial target of -25 %, reaching “only” -20.4 %, which reduced Novo Nordisk’s share value by ~18 %.
4. Mazdutide has a milder profile, but at an anticipated price of 30–40 % of semaglutide it may gain volume in Asia and emerging markets.

6. Adjunctive peptides for metabolism

Beyond the incretins, research also follows AOD-9604, a growth hormone fragment studied for lipolysis, 5-Amino-1MQ as an NNMT inhibitor, and MOTS-c, a mitochondrial peptide tied to energy metabolism. None of the three has clinical approval or data comparable to the GLP-1 analogues, and all three stay research use only.

In addition to the large incretin molecules, several smaller peptides targeting other aspects of metabolism, lipolysis, mitochondrial function and the NNMT pathway, are under investigation in 2026.

AOD-9604, lipolytic hGH fragment

AOD-9604 is a 15-amino acid fragment corresponding to the C-terminal sequence of human growth hormone (amino acids 176–191) with an added tyrosine. Originally isolated in the 1970s by Ng and Bornstein for research on the hyperglycaemic effect (Diabetes 1978, PubMed 568476), it was subsequently investigated as a selective lipolytic peptide.

Key property: AOD-9604 retains only the lipolytic activity of hGH, without effects on tissue growth, IGF-1 or insulin sensitivity. This renders it attractive for research on targeted reduction of adipose tissue without systemic hGH effects.

Clinical data: A Phase 2 obesity trial (Metabolic Pharmaceuticals, 2007) with doses of 0.25–1.0 mg/kg daily showed a -2.8 kg reduction over 12 weeks, insufficient for approval as a drug, but significant in preclinical models of lipolysis.

Status: RUO, research peptide. AOD-9604 does not hold FDA approval, although it has GRAS status as a supplement in the U.S. (limited use). In the EU it is sold exclusively as research material.

5-Amino-1MQ, NNMT inhibitor

5-Amino-1MQ (5-amino-1-methylquinolinium) is a small-molecule inhibitor of the enzyme NNMT (nicotinamide N-methyltransferase). NNMT is highly expressed in the adipocytes of obese individuals and in the liver during MASLD.

Mechanism: NNMT inhibition results in:

• Increased SAM (S-adenosylmethionine) and nicotinamide in adipocytes
• Activation of the NAD+ salvage pathway, which enhances mitochondrial activity
• Restriction of adipogenesis and stimulation of lipolysis

Key study: Kraus D. et al. (2014, Nature 508:258–262) demonstrated that NNMT knockdown in the adipocytes of obese mice reduced body weight by -30 % over 8 weeks without altering food intake.

5-Amino-1MQ is a pharmacological tool for this pathway. Molequa® offers 5-Amino-1MQ for laboratory research on NNMT models.

MOTS-c, mitochondrial peptide

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial ORF of the twelve S rRNA type-c) is a 16-amino acid peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA. It was discovered by Lee et al. (2015, Cell Metab) as the first “mitochondria-derived peptide” with a regulatory function.

Mechanism: MOTS-c activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) in the liver and skeletal muscle, which:

• Increases glucose tolerance
• Reduces adipogenesis
• Enhances energy expenditure via UCP1 in brown fat

In murine models of diet-induced obesity, MOTS-c injection reduced body weight by -8 % over 8 weeks (Lee 2015).

Status: MOTS-c is investigated as a potential endogenous “exercise mimetic”, plasma levels rise during physical activity. Clinical trials in humans are in Phase 1.

7. Regulatory status: approved versus research

In 2026 only semaglutide and tirzepatide hold FDA and EMA approval for obesity, mazdutide is registered in China alone, and retatrutide together with CagriSema are still in Phase 3 without marketing authorisation anywhere. Everything Molequa supplies is research grade material for laboratory work, not a medicine and not intended for people.

Key distinctions:

• Semaglutide and tirzepatide are clinical medicines in the EU requiring a physician’s prescription. Molequa® does not distribute them and cannot do so, they are branded products of Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly.
• Retatrutide, cagrilintide, mazdutide, AOD-9604, 5-Amino-1MQ, MOTS-c are research peptides in Phase 2/3 or outside clinical development. Molequa® offers them in RUO grade, exclusively for laboratory scientific research.
• No Molequa® peptide is intended for human or animal consumption. It is not a medicine, dietary supplement or cosmetic.

8. Frequently asked questions about peptides for weight loss

Why can GLP-1 peptides reduce body weight by -15 to -25 %? They activate three parallel satiety pathways, hypothalamic appetite suppression, slowing of gastric emptying and the insulinotropic effect in the pancreas. This combination reduces caloric intake by 500–800 kcal/day without requiring dietary discipline. The triple agonist retatrutide adds the glucagon component, which also increases energy expenditure.

What is the difference between tirzepatide and retatrutide? Tirzepatide is a dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist (Eli Lilly, Zepbound, approved 2023). Retatrutide is a triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon agonist in Phase 3. In clinical trials, retatrutide achieved a greater weight reduction (-24 % vs -21 %) and is considered the next “gold standard”, with FDA approval anticipated in 2027–2028.

Why is AOD-9604 “lipolytic” but not “for weight loss”? AOD-9604 is a growth-hormone fragment with an isolated lipolytic effect, in preclinical models it reduces visceral fat. In Phase 2 clinical obesity trials, however, it achieved only -2.8 kg over 12 weeks, which is clinically less significant than GLP-1 peptides. It remains a research tool for the study of adipocyte lipolysis.

What are the side effects of GLP-1 peptides in clinical studies? Most commonly gastrointestinal, nausea (30–40 %), vomiting (10–15 %), constipation, diarrhoea. These are generally transient and subside within 8–12 weeks of titration. Less commonly: pancreatitis, cholelithiasis (from gastric stasis), sarcopenia from rapid weight reduction. Retatrutide has a milder GI profile (the glucagon component attenuates nausea).

Why is a research peptide not “for weight loss”? Research peptides (RUO) are not sold for human use. Molequa® distributes retatrutide, cagrilintide, mazdutide and others exclusively for laboratory research on obesity models, receptor studies and pharmacological characterisation. They are not medicines, hold no clinical indications and are not intended for human consumption.

How are GLP-1 peptides administered in studies? In most trials subcutaneously once weekly (semaglutide, tirzepatide, retatrutide). The extended half-life (~7 days) is ensured by albumin binding via the acylated linker. Newer oral formulations (Rybelsus, semaglutide tablets) exist but have lower bioavailability (~1 %) and require higher doses.

Where can research peptides for metabolic research be obtained in the EU? Molequa® offers retatrutide, cagrilintide, mazdutide, AOD-9604, 5-Amino-1MQ and MOTS-c in RUO grade with a certificate of analysis (HPLC ≥ 99 %), sterile lyophilisate and FedEx delivery across the EU within 1–3 business days. The products are sold exclusively for laboratory scientific research.

Key scientific figures and citations

GLP-1 and incretin peptides represent the most rapidly evolving pharmacological category in obesity medicine. Below are key figures and references from NEJM, Lancet and JAMA clinical trials defining the state of research in 2026.

“Retatrutide, a novel triple agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors, produced substantial reductions in body weight at 48 weeks, up to 24.2 %, in adults with obesity, exceeding the reductions observed with any previously reported single-agent pharmacotherapy.” Jastreboff AM. et al. (2023), New England Journal of Medicine 389:514–526, PubMed 37366315

Statistics and key facts

• Semaglutide: 31 AA, MW 4113.58 Da, plasma half-life ~168 h, STEP-1 reduction -14.9 % over 68 weeks (n = 1,961)
• Tirzepatide: 39 AA, MW 4813.45 Da, dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist, SURMOUNT-1 reduction -20.9 % at 15 mg (n = 2,539)
• Retatrutide: 39 AA, MW 4731.4 Da, triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon, Phase 2 -24.2 % over 48 weeks (n = 338)
• CagriSema: cagrilintide 2.4 mg + semaglutide 2.4 mg, REDEFINE-1 reduction -20.4 % over 68 weeks (n = 3,417)
• Mazdutide: NMPA China June 2025, the first non-American, non-European GLP-1 analogue on the market
• AOD-9604: 15 AA fragment of hGH (176–191), described by Ng & Bornstein in 1978, Phase 2 obesity -2.8 kg over 12 weeks
• NNMT: expression in adipocytes of obese individuals ↑ 2.5-fold vs controls (Kraus 2014, Nature)

Reference sources (PubMed)

1. Jastreboff AM. et al. (2023). “Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity, A Phase 2 Trial.” N Engl J Med 389:514–526. PubMed 37366315
2. Rosenstock J. et al. (2023). “Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial.” Lancet 402:529–544. PubMed 37385280
3. Wilding JPH. et al. (2021). “Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity.” N Engl J Med 384:989–1002. PubMed 33567185
4. Jastreboff AM. et al. (2022). “Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity.” N Engl J Med 387:205–216. PubMed 35658024
5. Lau DCW. et al. (2023). “Cagrilintide combined with semaglutide 2·4 mg in adults with overweight or obesity: a randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial.” Lancet 402:720–730. PubMed 37423228
6. Ng FM., Bornstein J. (1978). “Hyperglycemic action of synthetic C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone.” Diabetes 27(8):841–845. PubMed 568476

Scope of this article: This article summarises the scientific literature on peptides investigated in obesity and metabolic models and does not present therapeutic claims. The product is sold strictly for laboratory scientific research (RUO).

Legal notice

All peptides referenced in this article and offered by Molequa® are intended exclusively for research and scientific purposes (RUO). Semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic) is a clinical medicine of Novo Nordisk and tirzepatide (Zepbound, Mounjaro) is a clinical medicine of Eli Lilly, Molequa® does not distribute these products. Retatrutide, cagrilintide, mazdutide, AOD-9604, 5-Amino-1MQ and MOTS-c are research peptides in Phase 2/3 or outside clinical development, they are not a medicine, dietary supplement or foodstuff. They are not intended for human or animal consumption. Sale is restricted to qualified researchers, academic institutions and laboratories. Before any handling, the relevant scientific literature should be consulted and applicable legislation in the user’s jurisdiction should be observed.

Author: Molequa® Research Team Publication date: July 2026 Last update: July 2026 Reading time: ~15 min